dr. Linda Soebroto, Sp.P., a Pulmonology Specialist at UNS Hospital, moderated the session along with two expert speakers:

• Dr. Hendrastutik Apriningsih, dr., Sp.P (K), M.Kes., FISR, Pulmonology Consultant at UNS Hospital.
• dr. Berty Denny Hermawati, Sp.PD., FINASIM, Internal Medicine Specialist at UNS Hospital.

Both specialists provided in-depth insights into TB and DM, covering their causes, symptoms, and preventive measures.

Understanding Tuberculosis (TB)

Dr. Hendrastutik explained that Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, a bacterial infection. The public commonly refers to this disease as ‘lung spots. While it primarily affects the lungs, it can also spread to other organs such as the bones, kidneys, and brain.

“Indonesia has the second-highest TB cases in the world after India. Public awareness is crucial to enable early detection and immediate treatment,” she emphasized.

She also clarified a common misconception. People do not inherit TB, instead, they contract it through droplets from coughing or sneezing. Vulnerable groups include children under five, whose immune systems are still developing, as well as the elderly over 60. Additionally, individuals with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and HIV are more susceptible due to weakened immunity.

Diabetes Mellitus: Causes and Prevention

dr. Berty highlighted that diabetes mellitus, often called ‘kencing manis,’ is a metabolic disorder that causes high blood sugar levels. It occurs due to insufficient insulin production, impaired insulin function, or both.

“Unlike TB, diabetes is not contagious. However, genetics plays a significant role. Research indicates that close family members have a 30% chance of developing DM. Children of two diabetic parents face a 50% risk,” she explained.

Lifestyle choices greatly influence the risk of diabetes. Poor dietary habits combined with a lack of physical activity contribute significantly to its onset. To prevent diabetes, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential. Some key recommendations include:

• Eating a balanced and nutritious diet.
• Exercising regularly.
• Maintaining proper hygiene and health routines.
• Managing comorbidities effectively through regular check-ups and medication adherence.

By adopting these habits, individuals can strengthen their immune systems and reduce the risk of both TB and diabetes mellitus.

This Healthy Dialogue session provided valuable insights into TB and DM. It encouraged the public to be more proactive about their health. People can effectively manage these diseases through early detection, proper treatment, and a healthier lifestyle. UNS Hospital remains committed to raising awareness and promoting better healthcare for the community.

Humas UNS
Reporter: Dikky Yudi Pradana
Editor: Dwi Hastuti

The post UNS Hospital Hosts “Healthy Dialogue” on Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus appeared first on Universitas Sebelas Maret.

What is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings. These shifts include manic episodes, marked by excessive energy, impulsive behavior, and euphoria. Depressive episodes, on the other hand, involve deep sadness, loss of interest, and hopelessness. dr. Lisetiawati described bipolar disorder as having two opposite poles. One side represents immense joy, while the other reflects profound sadness.

Prevalence and Risk Factors

Bipolar disorder is common, particularly among adolescents. Several factors contribute to its development, including age, genetics, and environmental influences. Adolescents are more vulnerable due to biological and emotional changes. Genetics also plays a crucial role, as the risk increases significantly when one or both parents have the condition. Environmental stressors, such as traumatic experiences, can also trigger symptoms.

The Impact of Childhood Trauma

A history of childhood trauma significantly increases the likelihood of developing bipolar disorder. Traumatic experiences can negatively affect brain development. These include physical, emotional, or sexual abuse, neglect, exposure to domestic violence, and bullying. The hippocampus and amygdala regulate emotions and stress responses. They may become more sensitive to stress, making individuals more vulnerable to bipolar disorder. Emotional abuse is the type of trauma most commonly associated with this condition.

Recognizing Bipolar Disorder Symptoms

Identifying the symptoms of bipolar disorder is crucial for early intervention. Manic episodes bring excessive euphoria, heightened energy, and a decreased need for sleep. They also lead to impulsive behaviors and, in some cases, psychotic symptoms like hallucinations and delusions of grandeur. Depressive episodes bring persistent sadness, fatigue, and a loss of interest in daily activities. They also cause feelings of worthlessness or guilt, appetite and sleep disturbances, and even suicidal thoughts.

Treatment and Recovery

Bipolar disorder requires long-term management, and a single doctor’s visit is not enough for treatment. Medication, including mood stabilizers and sometimes antidepressants, is essential for controlling symptoms. Psychotherapy also plays a vital role in treatment. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) helps individuals manage negative thought patterns, while Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) focuses on emotional regulation. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) enhances self-awareness, and family therapy strengthens support systems at home.

Family support is crucial in maintaining stability for individuals with bipolar disorder. dr. Lisetiawati emphasized the importance of understanding the condition. She also highlighted that providing consistent emotional support can greatly help patients cope with their symptoms.

Raising Awareness and Reducing Stigma

The “Dialog Sehat” event aimed to educate the public that bipolar disorder is more than just mood swings. With proper understanding and treatment, individuals can lead fulfilling lives. UNS Hospital hopes to reduce stigma and discrimination against individuals with bipolar disorder through awareness programs like this. It also aims to foster a more inclusive and supportive society.

Humas UNS

Reporter: R. P. Adji
Editor: Dwi Hastuti

The post UNS Hospital Discusses Bipolar Disorder and Childhood Trauma: Understanding the Connection appeared first on Universitas Sebelas Maret.

The Hidden Dangers of Noise Exposure

Many people underestimate how everyday noise can damage their hearing. dr. Rini explained that exposure to sounds exceeding 85 decibels (dB) can cause permanent hearing loss. This noise level is equivalent to the sound of a medium-sized truck. Prolonged exposure increases the risk, yet symptoms may not appear until years later.

Noise-induced hearing loss depends on internal and external factors. Medical conditions like hypertension and diabetes affect blood circulation in the ears, increasing vulnerability. Certain ototoxic medications can cause permanent hearing damage. Anatomical factors, such as ear canal length, also influence noise sensitivity.

External factors significantly contribute to hearing impairment. Factory, construction, and music industry workers face frequent exposure to high noise levels. The widespread use of earphones and True Wireless Stereo (TWS) devices worsens the issue. Prolonged exposure to high volumes gradually weakens auditory function.

Early Signs and Prevention Strategies

Noise-induced hearing loss occurs when the auditory nerves suffer damage, classifying it as sensorineural hearing loss. One of the earliest warning signs is tinnitus, a persistent ringing sensation in the ears. Some individuals may also experience balance disorders, such as dizziness when changing positions. dr. Rini emphasized that early detection through audiometric exams is crucial, as it allows for timely intervention before the damage becomes irreversible.

To minimize risks, she recommended the 60-60 rule. Users should limit audio device use to 60 minutes daily at no more than 60% volume. She warned that excessive vibrations damage cochlear hair cells. Sustained exposure to high decibel levels can harm auditory nerve synapses, causing permanent impairment.

Protecting Hearing in Work and Daily Life

People frequently exposed to loud environments must take protective measures. The Regulation of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration (PER.13/MEN/X/2011) sets noise exposure limits for workers. This regulation emphasizes the importance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Earmuffs reduce noise by 40-60 dB and offer better protection than earbuds. Concert-goers should use them for optimal safety.

Regular hearing screenings are essential for prevention. Workers exposed to high noise levels should take Audiometry and Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) tests yearly. These tests help monitor their hearing threshold.

Available Treatments for Hearing Loss

People with significant hearing loss can manage the condition with various treatments. Psychotherapy strengthens emotional resilience. Hearing aids help maintain communication and reduce the social impact of hearing impairment. Speech therapy supports language and hearing rehabilitation when speech ability is affected.

“With early detection, prevention, and proper treatment, we can protect our hearing health,” dr. Rini concluded. “These efforts help us maintain a good quality of life.”

Humas UNS
Reporter: R. P. Adji
Editor: Dwi Hastuti

The post UNS Hospital Doctor Warns About the Risks of Daily Noise Exposure appeared first on Universitas Sebelas Maret.