The Hidden Dangers of Noise Exposure

Many people underestimate how everyday noise can damage their hearing. dr. Rini explained that exposure to sounds exceeding 85 decibels (dB) can cause permanent hearing loss. This noise level is equivalent to the sound of a medium-sized truck. Prolonged exposure increases the risk, yet symptoms may not appear until years later.

Noise-induced hearing loss depends on internal and external factors. Medical conditions like hypertension and diabetes affect blood circulation in the ears, increasing vulnerability. Certain ototoxic medications can cause permanent hearing damage. Anatomical factors, such as ear canal length, also influence noise sensitivity.

External factors significantly contribute to hearing impairment. Factory, construction, and music industry workers face frequent exposure to high noise levels. The widespread use of earphones and True Wireless Stereo (TWS) devices worsens the issue. Prolonged exposure to high volumes gradually weakens auditory function.

Early Signs and Prevention Strategies

Noise-induced hearing loss occurs when the auditory nerves suffer damage, classifying it as sensorineural hearing loss. One of the earliest warning signs is tinnitus, a persistent ringing sensation in the ears. Some individuals may also experience balance disorders, such as dizziness when changing positions. dr. Rini emphasized that early detection through audiometric exams is crucial, as it allows for timely intervention before the damage becomes irreversible.

To minimize risks, she recommended the 60-60 rule. Users should limit audio device use to 60 minutes daily at no more than 60% volume. She warned that excessive vibrations damage cochlear hair cells. Sustained exposure to high decibel levels can harm auditory nerve synapses, causing permanent impairment.

Protecting Hearing in Work and Daily Life

People frequently exposed to loud environments must take protective measures. The Regulation of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration (PER.13/MEN/X/2011) sets noise exposure limits for workers. This regulation emphasizes the importance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Earmuffs reduce noise by 40-60 dB and offer better protection than earbuds. Concert-goers should use them for optimal safety.

Regular hearing screenings are essential for prevention. Workers exposed to high noise levels should take Audiometry and Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) tests yearly. These tests help monitor their hearing threshold.

Available Treatments for Hearing Loss

People with significant hearing loss can manage the condition with various treatments. Psychotherapy strengthens emotional resilience. Hearing aids help maintain communication and reduce the social impact of hearing impairment. Speech therapy supports language and hearing rehabilitation when speech ability is affected.

“With early detection, prevention, and proper treatment, we can protect our hearing health,” dr. Rini concluded. “These efforts help us maintain a good quality of life.”

Humas UNS
Reporter: R. P. Adji
Editor: Dwi Hastuti

The post UNS Hospital Doctor Warns About the Risks of Daily Noise Exposure appeared first on Universitas Sebelas Maret.

What is HMPV and How Does It Differ from COVID-19?

Speaking to uns.ac.id, Betty Suryawati, dr. M. Biomed Sci, Ph.D., Sp.MK, Head of the Undergraduate Medical Study Program at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Surakarta, explained that HMPV is a pathogen responsible for upper respiratory tract infections. Its symptoms resemble the common cold or flu, including fever, sore throat, nasal congestion, and cough.

dr. Betty emphasized that although both HMPV and COVID-19 affect the respiratory system, they are different. HMPV belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, while the virus responsible for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, is part of the Coronavirus family.

“HMPV and COVID-19 differ in transmission, replication, and pathogenesis mechanisms. HMPV infections typically cause mild to moderate symptoms such as fever, cough, runny nose, and sore throat. However, children and individuals with weakened immune systems may develop pneumonia-like symptoms. Even so, HMPV is generally milder than COVID-19,” she explained on Friday (24/1/2025).

How HMPV Spreads and Ways to Prevent It

Like most other respiratory viruses, HMPV spreads through airborne transmission and contact with contaminated objects.

“Infected individuals can spread HMPV through sneezing, coughing, or touching objects with virus-contaminated hands. The virus can linger on frequently touched surfaces like doorknobs and public surfaces. If contaminated hands touch the eyes, mouth, or nose, infection can occur,” dr. Betty added.

To prevent HMPV transmission, the UNS Faculty of Medicine lecturer highlighted the importance of strengthening immunity. People can boost their immune systems by eating nutritious food, staying hydrated, getting enough rest, and maintaining proper hand hygiene—especially after visiting public places.

“Most viral infections resolve on their own if the immune system is strong. Respiratory infections caused by HMPV do not require specific treatment. Instead, people should focus on strengthening their immune system through a healthy diet, sufficient rest, and proper hand hygiene. To reduce the risk of transmission, wearing a mask in public places is advisable, particularly for vulnerable individuals,” she explained.

Managing HMPV Symptoms

HMPV symptoms can be managed with over-the-counter medications like paracetamol or flu relief medicines. Patients with HMPV do not need to self-isolate. Instead, they should wear a mask and follow proper cough etiquette. Covering the mouth and nose with the inner elbow while coughing or sneezing, rather than using hands, helps prevent the spread of virus-laden droplets.

By practicing these preventive measures, individuals can reduce the risk of HMPV transmission and maintain better respiratory health.

HUMAS UNS

Reporter: Annisa

Editor: Dwi Hastuti

The post HMPV: Symptoms, Prevention, and Expert Insights from UNS Lecturer appeared first on Universitas Sebelas Maret.

Dr. Evi Nurhayatun, dr., Sp.PD, M.Kes, FINASIM, an Internal Medicine lecturer at Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Surakarta, highlights four major diseases that commonly occur during the rainy season. Those are Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), influenza, diarrhea, and leptospirosis.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

DHF is caused by a virus carried by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. These mosquitoes thrive in stagnant rainwater, which becomes more prevalent during the rainy season. You can prevent DHF by implementing the 3M PLUS approach. The first is to drain water storage tanks. Next is to cover water containers to prevent mosquito breeding. The last is to repurpose items that could collect water, such as unused cans or tires. Additionally, using mosquito nets, repellents, and insecticides can help reduce the risk of DHF.

Influenza

Influenza is another common illness during the rainy season. It spreads through body fluids like mucus and saliva, which can contaminate surfaces or be transmitted via close contact. Preventing influenza involves simple but effective measures. Those are washing your hands frequently with soap and running water; eating more fruits and vegetables to boost your immune system; and exercising regularly also getting enough rest to stay healthy.

Diarrhea

Diarrhea is often caused by bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella, which contaminate food and beverages. Consuming unhygienic food or water is the primary cause of this illness. To avoid diarrhea: ensure the cleanliness of food and beverages, regularly clean and maintain toilets, and store food properly to prevent contamination.

Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis, though less familiar to many, is caused by the bacterium Leptospira interrogans. It is commonly transmitted by animals such as rats, cats, and dogs through their urine. The bacteria can enter the body through skin wounds exposed to contaminated stagnant water. Preventing leptospirosis involves cleaning rodent nests and stagnant water, washing hands and feet with soap after activities, and wearing boots and gloves when working in gardens or fields.

Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis, though less familiar to many, is caused by the bacterium Leptospira interrogans. This bacterium is commonly transmitted by animals like rats, cats, and dogs through their urine. The bacteria can enter the body through skin wounds that come into contact with contaminated water. You can prevent leptospirosis by: cleaning rodent nests and stagnant water regularly, washing your hands and feet with soap after outdoor activities, and wearing protective gear such as boots and gloves when working in wet environments like gardens or fields.

Factors Contributing to Rainy Season Diseases

Dr. Evi explained several factors that contribute to the rise of diseases during the rainy season. “High humidity, stagnant water, and poor sanitation are the main contributors. Humid air accelerates bacterial growth, while stagnant water becomes a breeding ground for mosquitoes, causing diseases such as DHF, malaria, and chikungunya. Poor sanitation allows rainwater to mix with waste, spreading viruses and bacteria,” she said.

Prevention Tips

To stay healthy during the rainy season, Dr. Evi recommends the following preventive measures. First is eliminating stagnant water around your home to reduce mosquito breeding. Then, it is using mosquito nets or repellents to prevent mosquito bites. The next is maintaining food hygiene to avoid diarrhea. The last is to strengthen your immune system with vaccinations and a nutritious diet.

By understanding these diseases and taking preventive steps, you can minimize health risks and stay safe during the rainy season.

Humas UNS
Reporter: Dikky Yudi Pradana
Editor: Dwi Hastuti

The post UNS Medical Faculty Lecturer Highlights Common Rainy Season Diseases appeared first on Universitas Sebelas Maret.

Dr. Sulistyo stated that FMD is characterized by lesions on the mouth, tongue, and gums, often accompanied by excessive salivation. “Other symptoms include reduced appetite, fever, and a decline in milk production in dairy cattle,” he explained.

Transmission and Risk Factors

Dr. Sulistyo noted that FMD spreads through direct contact between infected and healthy livestock. Humans can also unknowingly act as carriers after interacting with infected animals. Risk factors exacerbating the outbreak include poor pen hygiene, unmonitored livestock mobility, and inadequate vaccination coverage.

“This situation requires serious attention because, aside from reducing livestock weight and productivity, FMD can lead to livestock fatalities if not managed properly,” Dr. Sulistyo emphasized on Tuesday (14/1/2025).

Management Tips and Mitigation Measures

Dr. Sulistyo suggested several actions to manage FMD. Farmers can spray affected animals’ mouths with citric acid to alleviate lesions, as the acid’s properties are unfavorable to the virus. Providing soft bedding, such as sawdust, can also help relieve pain in the animals’ hooves.

He recommended giving livestock multivitamins to boost their immune systems and routinely disinfecting the pens. Isolating infected animals is another effective step to mitigate transmission.

Dr. Sulistyo also emphasized the importance of mitigation measures such as mass vaccination campaigns, strict biosecurity implementation, and regular cleaning of animal pens. The government has introduced policies such as call center services and rapid measures like livestock market lockdowns in affected areas.

Preventing Recurrence

To prevent future FMD outbreaks, Dr. Sulistyo emphasized the need for strengthening national vaccination programs, improving inter-agency coordination, and fostering collective awareness among stakeholders, including farmers. Through proper education and preventive measures, the recurrence of FMD outbreaks can be minimized, reducing its impact on the national livestock sector.

“Awareness and synergy between the government, academics, and the public are the keys to controlling and preventing FMD spread in the future,” he concluded.

Humas UNS

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