UNS – January is often accompanied by frequent rainfall, especially in the afternoons. The humid air during the rainy season creates an ideal environment for bacteria and viruses to thrive. Understanding the common diseases that emerge during this season, along with their causes and prevention methods, is essential to maintaining good health.
Dr. Evi Nurhayatun, dr., Sp.PD, M.Kes, FINASIM, an Internal Medicine lecturer at Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Surakarta, highlights four major diseases that commonly occur during the rainy season. Those are Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), influenza, diarrhea, and leptospirosis.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
DHF is caused by a virus carried by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. These mosquitoes thrive in stagnant rainwater, which becomes more prevalent during the rainy season. You can prevent DHF by implementing the 3M PLUS approach. The first is to drain water storage tanks. Next is to cover water containers to prevent mosquito breeding. The last is to repurpose items that could collect water, such as unused cans or tires. Additionally, using mosquito nets, repellents, and insecticides can help reduce the risk of DHF.
Influenza
Influenza is another common illness during the rainy season. It spreads through body fluids like mucus and saliva, which can contaminate surfaces or be transmitted via close contact. Preventing influenza involves simple but effective measures. Those are washing your hands frequently with soap and running water; eating more fruits and vegetables to boost your immune system; and exercising regularly also getting enough rest to stay healthy.
Diarrhea
Diarrhea is often caused by bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella, which contaminate food and beverages. Consuming unhygienic food or water is the primary cause of this illness. To avoid diarrhea: ensure the cleanliness of food and beverages, regularly clean and maintain toilets, and store food properly to prevent contamination.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis, though less familiar to many, is caused by the bacterium Leptospira interrogans. It is commonly transmitted by animals such as rats, cats, and dogs through their urine. The bacteria can enter the body through skin wounds exposed to contaminated stagnant water. Preventing leptospirosis involves cleaning rodent nests and stagnant water, washing hands and feet with soap after activities, and wearing boots and gloves when working in gardens or fields.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis, though less familiar to many, is caused by the bacterium Leptospira interrogans. This bacterium is commonly transmitted by animals like rats, cats, and dogs through their urine. The bacteria can enter the body through skin wounds that come into contact with contaminated water. You can prevent leptospirosis by: cleaning rodent nests and stagnant water regularly, washing your hands and feet with soap after outdoor activities, and wearing protective gear such as boots and gloves when working in wet environments like gardens or fields.
Factors Contributing to Rainy Season Diseases
Dr. Evi explained several factors that contribute to the rise of diseases during the rainy season. “High humidity, stagnant water, and poor sanitation are the main contributors. Humid air accelerates bacterial growth, while stagnant water becomes a breeding ground for mosquitoes, causing diseases such as DHF, malaria, and chikungunya. Poor sanitation allows rainwater to mix with waste, spreading viruses and bacteria,” she said.
Prevention Tips
To stay healthy during the rainy season, Dr. Evi recommends the following preventive measures. First is eliminating stagnant water around your home to reduce mosquito breeding. Then, it is using mosquito nets or repellents to prevent mosquito bites. The next is maintaining food hygiene to avoid diarrhea. The last is to strengthen your immune system with vaccinations and a nutritious diet.
By understanding these diseases and taking preventive steps, you can minimize health risks and stay safe during the rainy season.
Humas UNS
Reporter: Dikky Yudi Pradana
Editor: Dwi Hastuti
